CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Syllabus 2025- 2026 Made Easy

The CBSE Business Studies syllabus Class 12 for the 2025-26 session offers an understanding of real-world business dynamics by combining theoretical concepts with practical insights. This year’s syllabus is carefully structured to help students develop critical thinking, decision-making, and analytical skills, which are the core abilities for future business leaders.

The class 12 board exam is a major stepping stone for anyone dreaming of a career in business, management, marketing, or even entrepreneurship. The CBSE syllabus class 12 Business Studies is designed to help you build those skills with a mix of classroom learning and hands-on project work.

CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Syllabus 2026

Total Marks: 100

Theory Exam - 80 Marks
Project Work - 20 Marks

Theory (80 Marks):

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

Unit I: Nature and Significance of Management

Management - concept, objectives, and importance
Management as Science, Art, and Profession
Levels of Management
Management functions - planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
Coordination - concept and importance

Unit II: Principles of Management

Principles of Management - concept and significance
Fayol’s principles of management
Taylor’s Scientific management - principles and techniques

Unit III: Business Environment

Business Environment - concept and importance
Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political, and Legal
Demonetization - concept and features

Unit IV: Planning

Planning: Concept, importance, and limitation
Planning process
Single-use and Standing Plans: Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget, and Programme

Unit V: Organizing

Organizing: Concept and importance
Organizing Process
Structure of organization - functional and divisional concept
Formal and informal organization - concept
Delegation: concept, elements, and importance
Decentralization: concept and importance

Unit VI: Staffing

Staffing: Concept and importance of staffing
Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concept
Staffing process
Recruitment process
Selection process
Training and Development: Concept and importance, Methods of training - on-the-job and off-the-job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training, and internship training

Unit VII: Directing

Directing: Concept and importance
Elements of Directing
Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives
Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic, and laissez-faire
Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers?

Unit VIII: Controlling

Controlling - Concept and importance
Relationship between planning and controlling
Steps in the process of control

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

Unit IX: Financial Management

Financial Management: Concept, role, and objectives
Financial decisions: investment, financing, and dividend - Meaning and factors affecting
Financial Planning - concept and importance
Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure
Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

Unit X: Financial Markets

Financial Markets: Concept
Money Market: Concept
Capital market and its types (primary and secondary)
Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions

Unit XI: Marketing

Marketing – Concept, functions, and philosophies
Marketing Mix – Concept and elements
Product – branding, labeling, and packaging – Concept
Price - Concept, Factors determining price
Physical Distribution – concept, components, and channels of distribution
Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations

Unit XII: Consumer Protection

Consumer Protection: Concept and importance
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019:

Meaning of consumer
Rights and responsibilities of consumers
Who can file a complaint?
Redressal machinery, Remedies Available

Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Project (20 Marks):

As a part of your CBSE Class 12 Business Studies 2025-26 syllabus, you are required to select ONE project out of four units for the academic year. This project is not just a task to complete, but a chance to explore the real world of business, economics, and marketing through your own eyes and efforts. The project carries 20 marks.

CBSE offers the following four units to choose from:

Project 1: Elements of Business Environment

This project allows you to explore how our surroundings, economic, social, technological, and legal, affect the way businesses operate. If you're curious about how packaging has changed over the years or why international brands replaced local ones in the Indian market, you can choose this project.

Some interesting project topics include:

Changes in packaging methods and their impact.
Evolution of cold drinks in India - from Fanta to Pepsi.
The changing role of women and its effect on business trends.
Effects of changing interest rates on consumer behavior.
The rise of anti-plastic campaigns and their impact on businesses.
Social factors that influence why products succeed or fail in the market.

Project 2: Principles of Management

In this project students will focus on observing Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management like:

Division of work
Unity of command
Discipline
Equity
Authority and responsibility

Students may also explore F.W. Taylor's Scientific Management Techniques such as:

Time study
Motion study
Fatigue study
Standardization and simplification of work

Project 3: Stock Exchange

In this project students have to create an imaginary portfolio with ₹50,000 and invest it in five companies over 20 working days, tracking changes in share prices, understanding fluctuations, and learning how current events affect the market.

Through this project, students will:

Learn about the history of Indian stock exchanges
Create a list of 25 listed companies
Track and analyze daily stock prices
Present your learning through graphs and charts

Project 4: Marketing

This marketing project gives you the chance to design your own product, plan its branding, and understand the 4 Ps of marketing, Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.

Students can choose a product (from a wide range like chocolate, air conditioners, jeans, jewellery, etc.) and dive into:

Designing packaging and a brand name
Setting the price
Selecting appropriate distribution channels
Creating catchy advertisements

Once you’ve chosen your topic, discuss it with your teacher and classmates. Your teacher will act as a guide helping you throughout your project. Students should ensure that they research, visit locations, interact with real businesses, or observe consumer behavior.

Make sure to not rely on readymade material but immerse yourself in the process. Try to make it original, thoughtful, and based on real-life insights, to make the most out of your project. Towards the end, you will present your project to the class.